Citicoline is a neuroprotective agent that enhances the synthesis of phospholipids in neuronal membranes. It increases cerebral metabolism and neurotransmitter levels, including acetylcholine and dopamine. Citicoline has shown neuroprotective effects in situations of hypoxia and ischemia, as well as improved learning and memory performance in animal models for brain aging. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that Citicoline restores the activity of mitochondrial ATPase and of membrane Na+/K+ ATPase, inhibits the activation of phospholipase A2, and accelerates the reabsorption of cerebral edema in various experimental models.